| 60 | Formosa Plastics | 434,389 | 1.45 | 19.32 | 22% | 69% | 66% |
| 8 | Dow Inc. | 4,582,836 | 5.59 | 13.02 | 19% | 49% | 33% |
| 22 | Celanese | 1,909,352 | 0.77 | 8.65 | 15% | 63% | 99% |
| 16 | Huntsman Corp. | 2,119,487 | 0.34 | 7.35 | 15% | 57% | 89% |
| 12 | Westlake Chemical | 2,360,427 | 4.59 | 6.18 | 15% | 26% | 69% |
| 83 | United States Steel | 257,918 | 1.76 | 5.27 | 21% | 51% | 58% |
| 3 | BASF | 11,219,461 | 4.40 | 4.48 | 18% | 36% | 42% |
| 35 | Occidental Petroleum | 1,033,289 | 0.68 | 3.86 | 18% | 70% | 35% |
| 90 | Bayer | 239,212 | 0.27 | 3.70 | 16% | 31% | 73% |
| 38 | Solvay | 988,649 | 0.75 | 3.54 | 15% | 52% | 34% |
| 41 | Koch Industries | 939,991 | 27.78 | 3.36 | 19% | 58% | 67% |
| 94 | Olin Corp. | 222,762 | 0.36 | 3.12 | 21% | 69% | 62% |
| 1 | LyondellBasell Industries | 26,676,890 | 6.11 | 2.52 | 16% | 68% | 74% |
| 19 | PPG Industries | 2,050,532 | 0.63 | 1.96 | 16% | 40% | 61% |
| 64 | International Flavors & Fragrances | 399,504 | 0.50 | 1.82 | 19% | 15% | 99% |
| 26 | Eastman Chemical | 1,719,778 | 4.41 | 1.76 | 20% | 41% | 65% |
| 32 | Covestro | 1,265,717 | 0.06 | 1.63 | 15% | 22% | 91% |
| 78 | Stepan | 279,955 | 0.29 | 1.38 | 9% | 39% | 88% |
| 25 | Standard Industries Inc. | 1,795,935 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 18% | 72% | 93% |
| 20 | Exxon Mobil | 1,962,418 | 7.74 | 0.75 | 19% | 68% | 41% |
| 33 | Evonik Industries | 1,210,764 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 18% | 43% | 51% |
| 85 | Bio-Rad Laboratories | 252,680 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 12% | 64% | 100% |
| 11 | Berkshire Hathaway | 2,466,409 | 2.23 | 0.42 | 14% | 41% | 18% |
| 50 | Cleveland-Cliffs | 627,342 | 1.01 | 0.42 | 26% | 48% | 21% |
| 31 | Mitsui | 1,565,687 | 0.08 | 0.39 | 27% | 70% | 100% |
| 76 | Ecolab | 287,287 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 16% | 80% | 99% |
| 9 | Saint-Gobain | 3,231,990 | 0.80 | 0.19 | 10% | 34% | 96% |
| 28 | Lotte Chemical | 1,623,200 | 1.28 | 0.19 | 15% | 24% | 100% |
| 39 | Phillips 66 | 978,217 | 4.31 | 0.16 | 16% | 58% | 39% |
| 13 | Northrop Grumman | 2,347,737 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 18% | 16% | 99% |
| 29 | Carlyle Group | 1,619,712 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 18% | 80% | 92% |
| 59 | Allegheny Technologies | 435,260 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 13% | 13% | 47% |
| 62 | Republic Services | 407,504 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 18% | 49% | 82% |
| 24 | Ashland Global Holdings | 1,866,878 | 0.96 | 0.11 | 22% | 56% | 72% |
| 4 | Indorama Ventures | 6,868,453 | 1.24 | 0.10 | 15% | 40% | 94% |
| 48 | Marathon Petroleum | 750,014 | 3.41 | 0.10 | 19% | 56% | 30% |
| 67 | Akzo Nobel | 353,073 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 19% | 66% | 100% |
| 79 | Generac Holdings | 279,830 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 11% | 25% | 100% |
| 89 | Tesla Inc. | 239,371 | 0.30 | 0.07 | 11% | 40% | 96% |
| 18 | Shell PLC | 2,074,329 | 1.62 | 0.06 | 15% | 54% | 42% |
| 55 | Medtronic | 521,039 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 15% | 49% | 95% |
| 51 | Sasol | 616,510 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 16% | 25% | 96% |
| 54 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | 560,103 | 1.22 | 0.05 | 23% | 80% | 81% |
| 57 | Chevron | 469,170 | 2.85 | 0.05 | 16% | 59% | 27% |
| 95 | Huntington Ingalls Industries | 219,470 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 20% | 61% | 82% |
| 91 | Johnson & Johnson | 238,445 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 14% | 48% | 71% |
| 17 | Edwards Lifesciences | 2,097,590 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 49% | 95% | 100% |
| 34 | Griffon Corp. | 1,174,651 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 22% | 72% | 100% |
| 46 | Howmet Aerospace | 800,109 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 19% | 49% | 36% |
| 98 | Henkel | 207,139 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 23% | 50% | 75% |
| 7 | Becton Dickinson | 5,365,983 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 13% | 42% | 39% |
| 40 | Nucor | 967,412 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 17% | 35% | 30% |
| 53 | Valero Energy | 580,062 | 3.52 | 0.01 | 20% | 69% | 22% |
| 66 | KKR & Co. | 358,081 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 18% | 39% | 64% |
| 69 | PBF Energy | 337,517 | 1.55 | 0.01 | 16% | 64% | 54% |
| 70 | Lockheed Martin | 335,553 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 22% | 77% | 99% |
| 92 | Spirit AeroSystems | 232,239 | 0.39 | 0.01 | 20% | 45% | 100% |
| 2 | Kaiser Aluminum | 18,136,121 | 0.35 | 14% | 14% | 100% | |
| 5 | Salzgitter | 6,099,192 | 0.01 | 13% | 67% | 100% | |
| 6 | Garmin | 5,617,577 | 0.05 | 14% | 86% | 100% | |
| 10 | Terumo | 3,110,344 | 0.03 | 10% | 32% | 100% | |
| 14 | Albemarle | 2,226,435 | 0.44 | <0.01 | 17% | 71% | 58% |
| 15 | Element Solutions Inc. | 2,169,628 | 0.18 | <0.01 | 17% | 15% | 98% |
| 21 | Freeport-McMoRan | 1,918,798 | 3.30 | <0.01 | 22% | 61% | 98% |
| 23 | General Electric | 1,872,970 | 0.21 | <0.01 | 20% | 27% | 48% |
| 27 | Pritzker Organization | 1,657,113 | 0.03 | 28% | 67% | 79% | |
| 30 | NOV Inc. | 1,572,597 | 0.29 | 13% | 62% | 63% | |
| 36 | Croda International | 1,031,109 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 17% | 52% | 94% |
| 37 | Ardagh Packaging Group | 1,006,966 | 2.17 | 16% | 56% | 52% | |
| 42 | Baxter International | 938,168 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 11% | 6% | 100% |
| 43 | Apollo Global Management | 927,617 | 0.13 | 13% | 27% | 54% | |
| 44 | Ametek | 885,282 | 0.18 | 11% | 35% | 94% | |
| 45 | Rio Tinto | 882,993 | 0.09 | 8% | 30% | 81% | |
| 47 | Ingredion | 781,554 | 0.49 | <0.01 | 15% | 32% | 72% |
| 49 | Siemens Energy | 745,194 | 0.01 | 14% | 54% | 99% | |
| 52 | Linde | 614,753 | 0.41 | <0.01 | 16% | 48% | 59% |
| 56 | Middleby Corp. | 506,575 | <0.01 | 12% | 20% | 93% | |
| 58 | Clayton Dubilier & Rice | 459,685 | 0.42 | <0.01 | 14% | 39% | 71% |
| 61 | Century Aluminum | 420,410 | 2.00 | 14% | 33% | 75% | |
| 63 | Kingspan plc | 403,522 | 0.05 | 10% | 16% | 100% | |
| 65 | American Electric Power | 379,689 | 1.65 | 13% | 10% | 56% | |
| 68 | AGCO Corp. | 340,975 | 0.03 | 14% | 14% | 28% | |
| 71 | Assa Abloy | 328,546 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 13% | 43% | 75% |
| 72 | O-I Glass | 324,181 | 0.02 | 14% | 36% | 45% | |
| 73 | Michelin | 321,482 | 0.33 | 16% | 37% | 76% | |
| 74 | Hitachi | 292,865 | 0.48 | <0.01 | 12% | 18% | 66% |
| 75 | Ryerson Holding Corp. | 288,137 | <0.01 | 11% | 30% | 75% | |
| 77 | Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) | 284,976 | 0.23 | <0.01 | 18% | 76% | 100% |
| 80 | Harley-Davidson | 271,888 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 14% | 8% | 99% |
| 81 | Zimmer Biomet | 270,422 | <0.01 | 14% | 54% | 88% | |
| 82 | Ball Corp. | 264,558 | 3.20 | <0.01 | 16% | 43% | 83% |
| 84 | Targa Resources | 253,880 | 0.04 | 22% | 87% | 100% | |
| 86 | Emerson Electric | 245,848 | <0.01 | 14% | 43% | 62% | |
| 87 | Owens Corning | 243,278 | 1.05 | <0.01 | 16% | 45% | 26% |
| 88 | Graphic Packaging | 241,527 | 7.89 | 26% | 43% | 79% | |
| 93 | International Paper | 231,441 | 33.01 | <0.01 | 19% | 40% | 18% |
| 96 | Rolls-Royce | 211,289 | 0.01 | 28% | 66% | 96% | |
| 97 | Leggett & Platt | 207,195 | 0.08 | <0.01 | 8% | 38% | 93% |
| 99 | Commercial Metals Co. | 206,999 | 0.07 | 28% | 40% | 66% | |
| 100 | General Motors | 206,801 | 2.89 | <0.01 | 14% | 31% | 52% |
This edition of the Toxic 100 Air Polluters ranks companies by comparative chronic human health risk from air pollutants directly released or transferred to incinerators (and not destroyed) from large facilities in the US in 2021.
RSEI score: Estimated population chronic health human health risk from air releases and incineration transfers reported to the US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) for the 2021 Reporting Year, as computed by the US EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI ver. 2.3.11) from quantity released, toxicity of chemicals, and population exposure. Data are adjusted by the Corporate Toxics Information Project (CTIP) for subsequent revisions to TRI data, including where available revisions to the share of hexavalent chromium in chromium releases.
Source: US EPA and Corporate Toxics Information Project (CTIP).
Quantity of toxic air releases and incineration transfers: Millions of pounds of toxic chemicals released to the air on-site or transferred offsite for incineration in the TRI 2021 Reporting Year, without adjustment for toxicity or population exposure.
Source: US EPA.
Environmental Justice (EJ): Poor Share and Minority Share: Shares of the total population health risk borne by people living below the poverty line or by people in minority racial/ethnic groups. In the U.S. population, 10.5 percent lived below the poverty line in 2020 and 40 percent are members of minority racial/ethnic groups.
Sources: US EPA, US Census, and CTIP.
Coverage: This table presents the RSEI companies that appear on the Forbes Global 2000 list, the Forbes America's Largest Private Companies list, the Fortune 500 list, the Fortune Global 500, the Russell 1000 list, oror the S&P 500. Individual facilities are assigned to corporate parents on the basis of the most current information on their ownership structure as of mid 2023.
Source: CTIP.
The links from each parent name lead to an application that gives detailed facility and chemical information about the company. You can also search for companies not on the Toxic 100 Air Polluters. For more information on the data, see the technical notes.