Greenhouse 100 Polluters Index (2023 Report, Based on 2021 Data)
1
Vistra Energy (*) 99,793,085
1.6%
12%
38%
14%
Power Plants
2
Southern Company 82,113,848
1.3%
15%
48%
26%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
3
Duke Energy 79,435,840
1.3%
14%
29%
12%
Power Plants, Other, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Waste
4
Berkshire Hathaway 72,113,565
1.1%
14%
36%
15%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Minerals, Other, Metals, Chemicals, Refineries
5
American Electric Power 60,653,224
1.0%
16%
19%
19%
Power Plants, Other
6
U.S. Government 44,132,421
0.7%
15%
44%
24%
Power Plants, Other, Waste, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Chemicals
7
Energy Capital Partners 43,833,339
0.7%
15%
66%
9%
Power Plants, Metals
8
Xcel Energy 42,285,182
0.7%
13%
40%
23%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
9
Exxon Mobil 38,121,045
0.6%
15%
57%
31%
Refineries, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Power Plants, Chemicals, Other
10
NextEra Energy 38,038,319
0.6%
15%
54%
19%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
11
Entergy 37,468,076
0.6%
18%
51%
20%
Power Plants, Other, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
12
Dominion Energy 34,263,092
0.5%
15%
46%
16%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
13
NRG Energy 32,148,918
0.5%
9%
60%
43%
Power Plants
14
DTE Energy 30,430,679
0.5%
18%
26%
47%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Metals
15
Cleveland-Cliffs 28,741,138
0.5%
21%
57%
26%
Metals, Minerals, Other, Waste
16
PPL Corp. 28,346,505
0.4%
17%
24%
37%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
17
Ameren 28,088,792
0.4%
10%
24%
56%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
18
Marathon Petroleum 27,642,752
0.4%
16%
73%
25%
Refineries, Power Plants, Chemicals, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
19
Evergy Inc. 27,600,757
0.4%
17%
36%
32%
Power Plants, Other
20
ArcLight Capital Partners 26,774,448
0.4%
17%
59%
26%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
21
Phillips 66 24,589,430
0.4%
14%
65%
13%
Refineries, Chemicals, Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Waste, Other
22
Koch Industries 23,053,118
0.4%
13%
48%
18%
Chemicals, Refineries, Pulp and Paper, Minerals, Waste, Other
23
Valero Energy 22,924,979
0.4%
17%
71%
13%
Refineries, Chemicals, Other
24
WEC Energy Group 22,000,482
12%
31%
32%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
25
Chevron 21,629,203
14%
67%
21%
Refineries, Chemicals, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Power Plants, Waste, Other
26
United States Steel 20,099,414
18%
45%
52%
Metals, Waste, Other
27
LS Power 19,721,007
17%
60%
28%
Power Plants, Other
28
AES Corp. 19,500,130
16%
66%
43%
Power Plants
29
Macquarie 19,042,958
15%
44%
33%
Power Plants, Waste, Other, Refineries
30
CF Industries 17,961,967
15%
45%
50%
Chemicals
31
CMS Energy 17,897,853
22%
46%
47%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
32
Associated Electric Cooperative Inc 16,710,688
18%
30%
49%
Power Plants
33
Basin Electric Power Cooperative 16,685,508
11%
12%
35%
Power Plants, Chemicals, Minerals, Other
34
Energy Transfer 16,651,350
15%
60%
8%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other, Power Plants
35
Dow Inc. 16,562,065
17%
48%
30%
Chemicals, Power Plants, Waste, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
36
Blackstone 15,959,323
13%
16%
42%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Minerals
37
FirstEnergy 15,867,085
18%
9%
69%
Power Plants, Other
38
Alliant Energy 15,536,680
10%
16%
41%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
39
BP 14,401,071
19%
76%
35%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries, Power Plants, Chemicals, Other
40
Pinnacle West Capital 14,366,286
21%
68%
55%
Power Plants, Other
41
Santee Cooper 13,303,619
17%
38%
58%
Power Plants
42
Waste Management Inc. 13,181,664
13%
51%
2%
Waste
43
Lower Colorado River Authority 13,085,953
13%
33%
84%
Power Plants, Other
44
OGE Energy 12,601,951
16%
41%
27%
Power Plants, Other
45
Prairie State Energy Campus (facility) 12,496,789
8%
7%
100%
Power Plants, Other
46
Air Products & Chemicals 12,455,741
15%
66%
21%
Chemicals, Power Plants
47
PBF Energy 12,407,049
15%
68%
27%
Refineries, Chemicals, Power Plants
48
Holcim Group 12,135,937
12%
40%
25%
Minerals
49
CPS Energy 11,980,812
19%
78%
67%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
50
Enterprise Products Partners 11,395,957
20%
74%
21%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other, Chemicals
51
Archer Daniels Midland 11,235,811
14%
20%
37%
Other, Chemicals, Pulp and Paper, Waste
52
Fortis 11,132,674
20%
55%
76%
Power Plants, Other, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
53
Carlyle Group 11,075,672
13%
45%
20%
Power Plants, Chemicals
54
Kinder Morgan 10,933,744
20%
72%
5%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries, Other
55
Salt River Project 10,861,072
12%
41%
36%
Power Plants, Other, Waste
56
Occidental Petroleum 10,655,455
13%
59%
24%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Chemicals, Power Plants, Other
57
SK Capital Partners 10,607,791
13%
43%
81%
Chemicals, Other, Waste
58
Ares Management 10,228,535
15%
59%
29%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
59
Great River Energy 10,107,024
5%
7%
94%
Power Plants
60
Republic Services 10,086,226
14%
59%
4%
Waste
61
Buckeye Power 10,051,879
15%
10%
97%
Power Plants
62
Colstrip Power Plant (single power plant) 10,035,340
5%
31%
100%
Power Plants
63
Riverstone Holdings 9,950,433
14%
41%
26%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
64
Laramie River (single power plant) 9,868,313
11%
11%
100%
Power Plants
65
Williams Companies 9,685,669
11%
39%
22%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
66
Public Service Enterprise 9,573,770
14%
61%
21%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
67
Linde 9,451,344
19%
65%
17%
Chemicals
68
Plant Scherer (single power plant) 9,420,858
8%
24%
100%
Power Plants
69
Shell PLC 9,005,267
16%
53%
38%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries, Chemicals, Other, Power Plants
70
Cheniere Energy 9,002,782
14%
56%
63%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
71
East Kentucky Power Cooperative 8,941,223
18%
9%
89%
Power Plants, Other
72
Omaha Public Power District 8,882,249
15%
35%
77%
Power Plants
73
Targa Resources 8,734,277
20%
74%
30%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
74
LyondellBasell Industries 8,339,428
18%
77%
25%
Chemicals, Refineries, Other
75
Hilcorp Energy 8,271,923
20%
71%
21%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
76
Emera 8,252,898
15%
54%
38%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
77
Exelon 8,012,959
15%
50%
28%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
78
Nebraska Public Power District 7,864,613
10%
16%
85%
Power Plants, Other
79
Craig (power station) 7,831,174
16%
21%
100%
Power Plants
80
NiSource 7,811,012
15%
28%
59%
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
81
Seminole Electric Cooperative 7,795,400
24%
38%
79%
Power Plants, Waste
82
Tenaska 7,571,008
11%
15%
35%
Power Plants
83
DCP Midstream Partners 7,567,593
12%
45%
18%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
84
HF Sinclair Corporation 7,548,416
14%
31%
24%
Refineries, Chemicals, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
85
Omnigen Global 7,448,325
16%
5%
100%
Power Plants
86
PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.) 7,338,194
11%
43%
57%
Refineries, Chemicals
87
Keystone Generating Station (single power plant) 7,267,256
13%
6%
100%
Power Plants
88
ConocoPhillips 7,125,186
15%
71%
23%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries
89
Intermountain Power Agency 6,975,796
17%
21%
100%
Power Plants
90
BPXA 6,946,416
0%
0%
44%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
91
Starwood Energy Group 6,891,185
12%
38%
41%
Power Plants
92
WestRock 6,871,742
15%
39%
18%
Pulp and Paper, Waste
93
Buzzi Unicem 6,835,347
11%
39%
28%
Minerals
94
Invesco 6,757,745
16%
28%
32%
Other
95
Westlake Chemical 6,616,403
16%
35%
42%
Chemicals, Power Plants, Other
96
CRH PLC 6,594,878
9%
44%
20%
Minerals
97
HeidelbergCement 6,591,986
10%
29%
29%
Minerals
98
TC Energy 6,541,866
20%
63%
3%
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
99
Oglethorpe Power 6,429,167
15%
38%
50%
Power Plants
100
Nutrien Ltd. 6,387,111
16%
44%
29%
Chemicals
Explanatory notes (For details, see the technical notes ).
This edition of the Greenhouse 100 ranks companies by C02-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions (including CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, but not biogenic CO2) directly released by large facilities in the US in 2021.
Percentage of 2021 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from all sources : parent corporation or entity's percentage of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, including electric power, transportation, industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural emissions, the total of which is 6,347.7 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents according to the 2021 U.S. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. Source: US EPA.
Environmental Justice (EJ) : Poor Share and Minority Share: Shares of the potential co-pollutants of combustion borne by people living below the poverty line or by people in minority racial/ethnic groups. In the U.S. population, 10.5 percent lived below the poverty line in 2020 and 40 percent are members of minority racial/ethnic groups.
The links from each parent name lead to an application that gives detailed facility and sector information about the company. You can also search for companies not on the Greenhouse 100 . For more information on the data, see the technical notes.
* The initial publication of the Greenhouse 100 Polluters Index (2023 Report, Based on 2021 Data) reported 112.38 million mt CO2e for Vistra Energy. Two facilities (W H Sammis, Pleasants Power Station) were assigned to Vistra Corp based on Vistra's acquisition of Energy Harbor but were in fact divested by Energy Harbor prior to the acquisition by Vistra. A third facility, Viking Energy of Lincoln LLC, was reported by US EPA with Vistra as the parent company name; Vistra indicates that the parent company assignment was inaccurate. With the updated ownership information for these facilities, corrected 2021 emissions for Vistra were 99.79 million mt CO2e.
Political Economy Research Institute