PERI
Home

Search form

About the project

Technical notes

Press release

Air Toxics at School 2022

School Info

SchoolST THERESA SCHOOL
Street40 SAINT THERESA AVE
CityWEST ROXBURY
StateMA
Number of students219
Student % minority26%
Data SourcePSS (private schools)

Air Toxics Info

Number of facilities affecting school160
Number of chemicals affecting school69
Toxic percentile nationwide (1=worst)43rd
Toxic rank nationwide (1=worst)55,532
Toxic percentile statewide (1=worst)31st
Toxic rank statewide (1=worst)762
Toxic Hazard912.31

This school's air toxic concentration is 0.19 times the national average at schools.

This school's air toxic concentration is 0.93 times the state average at schools.

Top facilities

FacilityParent CompanyToxic Hazard
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-Gobain315.22
DEPUY SYNTHES A JOHNSON & JOHNSON COJohnson & Johnson208.54
TECOMETCharlesbank Capital Partners164.25
GE AVIATIONGeneral Electric73.21
ISOMEDIX OPERATIONS INC.STERIS26.91
BOYD CORP INC.Goldman Sachs25.09
PARADIGM PRECISION HOLDINGS LLCPursuit Aerospace13.20
PALMER MANUFACTURING CO LLCPursuit Aerospace12.73
PARKER HANNIFIN CORP CHOMERICS DIVParker-Hannifin11.34
TECHNICAL MANUFACTURING CORPAmetek8.52
PACE INDUSTRIES - CAMBRIDGE DIVPace Industries6.76
CHECON LLCCHECON LLC6.62
WOLLASTON ALLOYSConsolidated Precision Products6.03
ENGINEERED MATERIALS SOLUTIONS LLCWickeder Group5.00
TEI BIOSCIENCESIntegra LifeSciences4.69
CHEMGENES CORPCHEMGENES CORP3.57
LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INCBerkshire Hathaway3.45
SMITH & NEPHEWSmith & Nephew2.35
CAPSTAN ATLANTICCAPSTAN ATLANTIC1.94
ATLANTIC FOOTCARE INCATLANTIC FOOTCARE INC1.63
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)1.44
FUTURE FOAM INCFUTURE FOAM INC1.11
MATERION TECHNICAL MATERIALS INCMaterion0.92
NATIONAL COATING CORPCarlisle0.83
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LP0.77
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac Petroleum0.76
WYMAN-GORDON COBerkshire Hathaway0.76
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving Oil0.65
ULTRA FINE SPECIALTY PRODUCTS RINovamet Specialty Products0.63
ENTEGRIS INCEntegris0.54
METALOR TECHNOLOGIES USA CORP REFINING DIVTanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo0.33
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEX0.28
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon Mobil0.27
KENDALL GREEN ENERGY LLCAntin Infrastructure Partners0.23
FLEXCON INDUSTRIESSwan Group0.22
NYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCNYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC0.13
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.13
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INC0.12
SIKA CORP SIKA SARNAFIL DIVSika AG0.12
ANALOG DEVICES INC/WILMINGTON MANUFACTURINGAnalog Devices Inc.0.10
CYN OILClean Harbors Inc.0.08
DAMPNEY CO INCDAMPNEY CO INC0.07
ELECTRO FIBER TECHNOLOGIESJames Cropper0.06
PHOTOFABRICATION ENGINEERING I NCTHE PARTNER COS LLC0.05
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.05
CHELSEA SANDWICH LLCGlobal Partners LP0.05
COVESTRO LLCCovestro0.05
BABS FOUNDRYBABS FOUNDRY0.05
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.04
DUNCAN GALVANIZING CORP.DUNCAN GALVANIZING CORP.0.03
HOLCIM SOLUTIONS & PRODUCTS US LLCHolcim Group0.03
AVCARB MATERIAL SOLUTIONSArsenal Capital Partners0.03
CALPINE FORE RIVER ENERGY CENTER LLCEnergy Capital Partners0.03
SPECIALTY MATERIALS INC.Global Materials0.02
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.02
INTERPLEX ETCH LOGIC LLCINTERPLEX INDUSTRIES INC0.02
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital Partners0.02
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.01
NITTO DENKO AVECIA INC.Nitto Denko0.01
MAJILITE MANUFACTURING INCMERIDIAN INDUSTRIES INC0.01
V&S TAUNTON GALVANIZING LLCHill & Smith Holdings PLC0.01
ALNYLAM PHARMACEUTICALSAlnylam Pharmaceuticals0.01
ROHM & HAAS ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LLCDuPont de Nemours0.01
IDEAL TAPE COAmerican Biltrite0.01
GLINES & RHODES INCGLINES & RHODES INC0.01
CHEMARTCHEMART0.01
GLOBE COMPOSITE SOLUTIONS LLCESCO Technologies0.01
BOSTIK MANUFACTURING PLANTArkema0.01
AVEDIS ZILDJIAN CO.AVEDIS ZILDJIAN CO0.01
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen Industries0.01
ROUSSELOT PEABODY INC.Darling Ingredients0.01
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.00
CLEAN HARBORS OF BRAINTREE INC.Clean Harbors Inc.0.00
FM CALLAHAN & SON INCFM CALLAHAN & SON INC0.00
LAMB & RITCHIELAMB & RITCHIE0.00
BRADFORD INDUSTRIESWembly Enterprises0.00
SCITUATE CONCRETE PIPESCITUATE CONCRETE PIPE0.00
TECHNIC INC ENGINEERED POWDERS DIVTECHNIC INC0.00
HAARTZ CORPHAARTZ CORP0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian Group0.00
THE DOW CHEMICAL CODow Inc.0.00
EDWARDS VACUUM LLCAtlas Copco0.00
NISSHA METALLIZING SOLUTIONSNISSHA METALLIZING SOLUTIONS0.00
AIRBORN ELECTRONICS INCAIRBORN INC0.00
DAV-TECH PLATING INC.DAV-TECH PLATING INC.0.00
BULLARD ABRASIVES INCBULLARD ABRASIVES INC0.00
MATEP LLCLongwood Energy Partners0.00
BENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPBENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORP0.00
RUST-OLEUMRPM International0.00
WINCHESTER INTERCONNECT RF CORPAptiv PLC0.00
UNIVAR SOLUTIONS USA INC. - TEWKSBURY MAApollo Global Management0.00
MEDTRONIC INCMedtronic0.00
ICP CONSTRUCTIONCPC HOLDING LLC0.00
TRESCA BROTHERS SAND & GRAVELTRESCA BROTHERS SAND & GRAVEL0.00
STRAUMANN MANUFACTURING INCSTRAUMANN MANUFACTURING INC0.00
PLATING FOR ELECTRONICS INC.PLATING FOR ELECTRONICS INC.0.00
ULTRAAdvent International0.00
CAMGER COATINGS SYSTEMS INCCAMGER COATINGS SYSTEMS INC0.00
BROX INDUSTRIES INCBrox Industries0.00
JG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCJG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INC0.00
TL EDWARDS INC.TL EDWARDS INC.0.00
BORO SAND & STONE CORPBORO SAND & STONE CORP0.00
NEWINGTON STATIONAtlas Holdings0.00
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO-MILFORDBerkshire Hathaway0.00
JG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCJG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INC0.00
VICOR CORPVicor Corp.0.00
KOCH SEPARATION SOLUTIONS INC.Koch Industries0.00
TRANSENE CO INC.TRANSENE CO INC0.00
ANALOGIC CORPAltaris Capital Partners0.00
ROLLS-ROYCE N.A. INC.Rolls-Royce0.00
AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTORAmerican Superconductor Corp.0.00
SUPERCON INCSUPERCON INC0.00
ITW PERFORMANCE POLYMERSIllinois Tool Works0.00
GRANITE STATE CONCRETE CO INC WESTFORDJG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INC0.00
HOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPHOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORP0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLES & SYSTEMS USAPrysmian Group0.00
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim Group0.00
RAYTHEON CORTX Corporation0.00
OLYMPIC ADHESIVES INCOLYMPIC ADHESIVES INC0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital Partners0.00
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFICThermo Fisher Scientific0.00
DAUPHINAIS CONCRETE INC.DAUPHINAIS CONCRETE INC0.00
3M CO3M Company0.00
INDUSTRIAL POLYMERS & CHEMICAL S INCINDUSTRIAL POLYMERS & CHEMICAL S INC0.00
TOPCOATStandard Industries Inc.0.00
TIFFANY & COLVMH0.00
SIEMENS HEALTHCARE DIAGNOSTICSSiemens0.00
DYNASOL INCDYNASOL INC0.00
RIVERDALE MILLS CORPRIVERDALE MILLS CORP0.00
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital Partners0.00
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSVeolia Group0.00
SCULLY SIGNALSCULLY SIGNAL0.00
MURPHYS WASTE OIL SERVICES INCClean Harbors Inc.0.00
E. PARRELLA CO. INC.E. PARRELLA CO. INC.0.00
CL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPCL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORP0.00
ALLNEX USA INC. WALLINGFORD CT SITEPTT Group0.00
THE GILLETTE CO LLCProcter & Gamble0.00
TELEDYNE FLIR SURVEILLANCETeledyne Technologies0.00
SHAWSHEEN RUBBER CO INCSHAWSHEEN RUBBER CO INC0.00
LEACHGARNERLEACHGARNER0.00
GVS N.A.GVS Group0.00
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFICThermo Fisher Scientific0.00
INEOS STYROLUTION AMERICA LLCIneos0.00
SAFETY-KLEEN SYSTEMS MARLBOROUGH (MRB)Clean Harbors Inc.0.00
RESILIENCE BOSTON INC.NATIONAL RESILIENCE INC0.00
AOTCO METAL FINISHING LLCAOTCO METAL FINISHING LLC0.00
METALOR TECHNOLOGIES USATanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo0.00
ZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZ INTERPOLYMERZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZ0.00
OLDCASTLE - ANCHORCRH PLC0.00
ANIKA THERAPEUTICSAnika Therapeutics0.00
GEM GRAVURE CO INC.GEM GRAVURE CO INC0.00
ECKART AMERICAAltana0.00
JAYBIRD & MAIS INCJAYBIRD & MAIS INC0.00
ACUSHNET CO BALL PLANT IIIFila Holdings Corp.0.00
CYTIVADanaher0.00
SARTORIUS STEDIM 450 DLBSARTORIUS STEDIM BIOTECH0.00
SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS INCSkyworks Solutions0.00
CURIA MASSACHUSETTS INC.Aledade0.00
MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INCM/A-COM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS0.00
ENVIRO WASTEClean Harbors Inc.0.00

(click here to shrink list to only top 5 facilities)

Top chemicals

ChemicalToxic Hazard
Cobalt340.17
Chromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region of South Africa and the unreacted ore component of the chromite ore processing residue (COPR). COPR is the solid waste remaining after aqueous extraction of oxidized chromite ore that has been combined with soda ash and kiln roasted at approximately 2,000 F.) 315.59
Chromium143.27
Ethylene oxide26.91
Trichloroethylene25.09
Nickel13.97
Nickel compounds11.42
Chloroform8.26
Cadmium compounds6.61
Lead 6.34
Diisocyanates5.20
Benzene3.75
Toluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)1.13
Formaldehyde0.91
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate0.73
Polycyclic aromatic compounds0.70
Zinc compounds0.47
Chlorine0.35
Antimony compounds0.27
Xylene (mixed isomers)0.24
Naphthalene0.15
Copper0.15
Ethylbenzene0.09
Certain glycol ethers0.08
Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)0.08
Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid)0.06
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)0.05
Triethylamine0.04
Lead compounds0.04
Hydrogen cyanide0.03
Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)0.03
Nitric acid0.02
Acetonitrile0.02
N,N-Dimethylformamide0.02
Ammonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)0.01
Copper compounds (this category does not include copper phthalocyanine compounds that are substituted with only hydrogen, and/or chlorine, and/or bromine.)0.01
Toluene0.01
Cyanide compounds0.01
n-Hexane (Hexane)0.01
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.01
Barium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7))0.01
Silver compounds0.01
Pyridine0.00
Phenol0.00
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate0.00
o-Xylene0.00
Aluminum (fume or dust)0.00
Acetophenone0.00
Ethylene glycol0.00
Manganese0.00
Methyl tert-butyl ether0.00
Mercury0.00
Methyl methacrylate0.00
Methanol0.00
Silver0.00
Propylene oxide0.00
Cyclohexane0.00
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
Styrene0.00
Vinyl acetate0.00
Formic acid0.00
3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate0.00
Cumene0.00
Methyl isobutyl ketone0.00
Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution)0.00
n-Butyl alcohol (1-Butanol)0.00
Benzoyl peroxide0.00
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
Nonylphenol Ethoxylates0.00

(click here to shrink list to only top 5 chemicals)

Top chemicals from facilities

FacilityParent CompanyChemicalToxic Hazard
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainChromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region of South Africa and the unreacted ore component of the chromite ore processing residue (COPR). COPR is the solid waste remaining after aqueous extraction of oxidized chromite ore that has been combined with soda ash and kiln roasted at approximately 2,000 F.) 315.09
DEPUY SYNTHES A JOHNSON & JOHNSON COJohnson & JohnsonCobalt185.40
TECOMETCharlesbank Capital PartnersCobalt130.36
GE AVIATIONGeneral ElectricChromium59.35
TECOMETCharlesbank Capital PartnersChromium33.23
ISOMEDIX OPERATIONS INC.STERISEthylene oxide26.91
BOYD CORP INC.Goldman SachsTrichloroethylene25.09
DEPUY SYNTHES A JOHNSON & JOHNSON COJohnson & JohnsonChromium23.14
PARKER HANNIFIN CORP CHOMERICS DIVParker-HannifinNickel compounds11.29
TECHNICAL MANUFACTURING CORPAmetekChromium8.52
PARADIGM PRECISION HOLDINGS LLCPursuit AerospaceCobalt8.49
PALMER MANUFACTURING CO LLCPursuit AerospaceCobalt8.18
GE AVIATIONGeneral ElectricCobalt7.75
CHECON LLCCHECON LLCCadmium compounds6.61
PACE INDUSTRIES - CAMBRIDGE DIVPace IndustriesLead 6.30
GE AVIATIONGeneral ElectricNickel6.11
TEI BIOSCIENCESIntegra LifeSciencesChloroform4.69
PARADIGM PRECISION HOLDINGS LLCPursuit AerospaceChromium4.43
PALMER MANUFACTURING CO LLCPursuit AerospaceChromium4.27
ENGINEERED MATERIALS SOLUTIONS LLCWickeder GroupChromium4.08
CHEMGENES CORPCHEMGENES CORPChloroform3.57
LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INCBerkshire HathawayDiisocyanates3.45
WOLLASTON ALLOYSConsolidated Precision ProductsNickel3.39
WOLLASTON ALLOYSConsolidated Precision ProductsChromium2.64
SMITH & NEPHEWSmith & NephewChromium2.35
CAPSTAN ATLANTICCAPSTAN ATLANTICNickel1.93
ATLANTIC FOOTCARE INCATLANTIC FOOTCARE INCDiisocyanates1.63
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)Benzene1.42
FUTURE FOAM INCFUTURE FOAM INCToluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)1.11
MATERION TECHNICAL MATERIALS INCMaterionChromium0.92
ENGINEERED MATERIALS SOLUTIONS LLCWickeder GroupNickel0.88
NATIONAL COATING CORPCarlisleFormaldehyde0.83
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac PetroleumBenzene0.75
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPBenzene0.74
TECOMETCharlesbank Capital PartnersNickel0.66
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilBenzene0.57
ENTEGRIS INCEntegrisDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate0.54
ULTRA FINE SPECIALTY PRODUCTS RINovamet Specialty ProductsChromium compounds (except for chromite ore mined in the Transvaal Region of South Africa and the unreacted ore component of the chromite ore processing residue (COPR). COPR is the solid waste remaining after aqueous extraction of oxidized chromite ore that has been combined with soda ash and kiln roasted at approximately 2,000 F.) 0.50
PACE INDUSTRIES - CAMBRIDGE DIVPace IndustriesZinc compounds0.44
WYMAN-GORDON COBerkshire HathawayNickel0.44
METALOR TECHNOLOGIES USA CORP REFINING DIVTanaka Kikinzoku KogyoChlorine0.32
WYMAN-GORDON COBerkshire HathawayChromium0.32
PARADIGM PRECISION HOLDINGS LLCPursuit AerospaceNickel0.28
PALMER MANUFACTURING CO LLCPursuit AerospaceNickel0.27
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon MobilBenzene0.25
KENDALL GREEN ENERGY LLCAntin Infrastructure PartnersPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.23
FLEXCON INDUSTRIESSwan GroupXylene (mixed isomers)0.22
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXDi(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate0.19
NYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCNYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCAntimony compounds0.13
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.13
ULTRA FINE SPECIALTY PRODUCTS RINovamet Specialty ProductsNickel compounds0.13
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.11
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCDiisocyanates0.11
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXAntimony compounds0.09
SIKA CORP SIKA SARNAFIL DIVSika AGCertain glycol ethers0.08
CYN OILClean Harbors Inc.Polycyclic aromatic compounds0.08
ANALOG DEVICES INC/WILMINGTON MANUFACTURINGAnalog Devices Inc.Sulfuric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)0.08
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilNaphthalene0.07
ELECTRO FIBER TECHNOLOGIESJames CropperFormaldehyde0.06
DAMPNEY CO INCDAMPNEY CO INCEthylbenzene0.06
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.05
CHELSEA SANDWICH LLCGlobal Partners LPNaphthalene0.05
BABS FOUNDRYBABS FOUNDRYCopper0.05
SIKA CORP SIKA SARNAFIL DIVSika AGAntimony compounds0.04
PHOTOFABRICATION ENGINEERING I NCTHE PARTNER COS LLCHydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid)0.04
PARKER HANNIFIN CORP CHOMERICS DIVParker-HannifinCopper0.04
COVESTRO LLCCovestroTriethylamine0.04
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.04
HOLCIM SOLUTIONS & PRODUCTS US LLCHolcim GroupDichloromethane (Methylene chloride)0.03
ENGINEERED MATERIALS SOLUTIONS LLCWickeder GroupCopper0.03
AVCARB MATERIAL SOLUTIONSArsenal Capital PartnersHydrogen cyanide0.03
CALPINE FORE RIVER ENERGY CENTER LLCEnergy Capital PartnersPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.02
SPECIALTY MATERIALS INC.Global MaterialsHydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)0.02
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.02
INTERPLEX ETCH LOGIC LLCINTERPLEX INDUSTRIES INCChlorine0.02
DUNCAN GALVANIZING CORP.DUNCAN GALVANIZING CORP.Lead compounds0.02
ANALOG DEVICES INC/WILMINGTON MANUFACTURINGAnalog Devices Inc.Hydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid)0.02
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital PartnersDichloromethane (Methylene chloride)0.02
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPNaphthalene0.02
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCToluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)0.02
DUNCAN GALVANIZING CORP.DUNCAN GALVANIZING CORP.Zinc compounds0.02
PACE INDUSTRIES - CAMBRIDGE DIVPace IndustriesCopper0.01
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.01
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon MobilNaphthalene0.01
MAJILITE MANUFACTURING INCMERIDIAN INDUSTRIES INCN,N-Dimethylformamide0.01
PHOTOFABRICATION ENGINEERING I NCTHE PARTNER COS LLCNitric acid0.01
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)Ethylbenzene0.01
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainLead 0.01
DAMPNEY CO INCDAMPNEY CO INCXylene (mixed isomers)0.01
ALNYLAM PHARMACEUTICALSAlnylam PharmaceuticalsAcetonitrile0.01
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainCopper compounds (this category does not include copper phthalocyanine compounds that are substituted with only hydrogen, and/or chlorine, and/or bromine.)0.01
ROHM & HAAS ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LLCDuPont de NemoursFormaldehyde0.01
GLINES & RHODES INCGLINES & RHODES INCLead compounds0.01
NITTO DENKO AVECIA INC.Nitto DenkoAcetonitrile0.01
V&S TAUNTON GALVANIZING LLCHill & Smith Holdings PLCLead 0.01
METALOR TECHNOLOGIES USA CORP REFINING DIVTanaka Kikinzoku KogyoCyanide compounds0.01
IDEAL TAPE COAmerican BiltriteToluene0.01
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon MobilEthylbenzene0.01
CAPSTAN ATLANTICCAPSTAN ATLANTICCopper0.01
GLOBE COMPOSITE SOLUTIONS LLCESCO TechnologiesDiisocyanates0.01
CHEMARTCHEMARTChlorine0.01
AVEDIS ZILDJIAN CO.AVEDIS ZILDJIAN COCopper0.01
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXBarium compounds (except for barium sulfate (CAS No. 7727-43-7))0.01
BOSTIK MANUFACTURING PLANTArkemaAntimony compounds0.01
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen IndustriesToluene diisocyanate (mixed isomers)0.01
ROUSSELOT PEABODY INC.Darling IngredientsAmmonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)0.01
NITTO DENKO AVECIA INC.Nitto DenkoPyridine0.00
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupLead compounds0.00
CLEAN HARBORS OF BRAINTREE INC.Clean Harbors Inc.Lead 0.00
COVESTRO LLCCovestroDiisocyanates0.00
FM CALLAHAN & SON INCFM CALLAHAN & SON INCNitric acid0.00
PARKER HANNIFIN CORP CHOMERICS DIVParker-HannifinSilver compounds0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPEthylbenzene0.00
LAMB & RITCHIELAMB & RITCHIELead 0.00
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainZinc compounds0.00
V&S TAUNTON GALVANIZING LLCHill & Smith Holdings PLCZinc compounds0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilEthylbenzene0.00
SCITUATE CONCRETE PIPESCITUATE CONCRETE PIPELead 0.00
BRADFORD INDUSTRIESWembly EnterprisesN,N-Dimethylformamide0.00
TECHNIC INC ENGINEERED POWDERS DIVTECHNIC INCFormaldehyde0.00
COVESTRO LLCCovestroToluene-2,4-diisocyanate0.00
HAARTZ CORPHAARTZ CORPo-Xylene0.00
CHELSEA SANDWICH LLCGlobal Partners LP1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.00
ANALOG DEVICES INC/WILMINGTON MANUFACTURINGAnalog Devices Inc.Hydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)0.00
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac PetroleumEthylbenzene0.00
EDWARDS VACUUM LLCAtlas CopcoLead 0.00
THE DOW CHEMICAL CODow Inc.Ethylbenzene0.00
CALPINE FORE RIVER ENERGY CENTER LLCEnergy Capital PartnersAmmonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)0.00
NISSHA METALLIZING SOLUTIONSNISSHA METALLIZING SOLUTIONSAluminum (fume or dust)0.00
AIRBORN ELECTRONICS INCAIRBORN INCLead 0.00
DAV-TECH PLATING INC.DAV-TECH PLATING INC.Nitric acid0.00
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.00
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac PetroleumNaphthalene0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian GroupAcetophenone0.00
BULLARD ABRASIVES INCBULLARD ABRASIVES INCPhenol0.00
MATEP LLCLongwood Energy PartnersAmmonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)0.00
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)Xylene (mixed isomers)0.00
HOLCIM SOLUTIONS & PRODUCTS US LLCHolcim Groupn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
BENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPBENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
RUST-OLEUMRPM InternationalXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
WINCHESTER INTERCONNECT RF CORPAptiv PLCCopper0.00
TECOMETCharlesbank Capital PartnersManganese0.00
MEDTRONIC INCMedtronicn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
ICP CONSTRUCTIONCPC HOLDING LLCEthylene glycol0.00
CHECON LLCCHECON LLCSilver compounds0.00
TRESCA BROTHERS SAND & GRAVELTRESCA BROTHERS SAND & GRAVELLead 0.00
UNIVAR SOLUTIONS USA INC. - TEWKSBURY MAApollo Global ManagementN,N-Dimethylformamide0.00
STRAUMANN MANUFACTURING INCSTRAUMANN MANUFACTURING INCn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
PLATING FOR ELECTRONICS INC.PLATING FOR ELECTRONICS INC.Nitric acid0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
CHEMGENES CORPCHEMGENES CORPAcetonitrile0.00
NATIONAL COATING CORPCarlislePhenol0.00
ULTRAAdvent InternationalLead compounds0.00
IDEAL TAPE COAmerican Biltriten-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
CAMGER COATINGS SYSTEMS INCCAMGER COATINGS SYSTEMS INCXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital PartnersMethyl tert-butyl ether0.00
CHEMARTCHEMARTCopper compounds (this category does not include copper phthalocyanine compounds that are substituted with only hydrogen, and/or chlorine, and/or bromine.)0.00
WOLLASTON ALLOYSConsolidated Precision ProductsCopper0.00
BROX INDUSTRIES INCBrox IndustriesLead 0.00
JG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCJG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCLead compounds0.00
TL EDWARDS INC.TL EDWARDS INC.Polycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)n-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac Petroleum1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian GroupAntimony compounds0.00
BORO SAND & STONE CORPBORO SAND & STONE CORPLead 0.00
NEWINGTON STATIONAtlas HoldingsPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon MobilXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
KENDALL GREEN ENERGY LLCAntin Infrastructure PartnersAmmonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)0.00
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainMercury0.00
JG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCJG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCLead compounds0.00
VICOR CORPVicor Corp.Copper0.00
KOCH SEPARATION SOLUTIONS INC.Koch IndustriesN,N-Dimethylformamide0.00
ANALOGIC CORPAltaris Capital PartnersLead 0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilLead 0.00
ROLLS-ROYCE N.A. INC.Rolls-RoyceLead 0.00
AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTORAmerican Superconductor Corp.Lead compounds0.00
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO-MILFORDBerkshire HathawayZinc compounds0.00
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCN,N-Dimethylformamide0.00
NYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCNYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCLead compounds0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LP1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.00
SUPERCON INCSUPERCON INCNitric acid0.00
ITW PERFORMANCE POLYMERSIllinois Tool WorksMethyl methacrylate0.00
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac PetroleumXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
BOSTIK MANUFACTURING PLANTArkemaToluene0.00
GRANITE STATE CONCRETE CO INC WESTFORDJG MACLELLAN CONCRETE CO INCLead compounds0.00
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXZinc compounds0.00
TRANSENE CO INC.TRANSENE CO INCNitric acid0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
HOLCIM - NER INC.Holcim GroupLead compounds0.00
TRANSENE CO INC.TRANSENE CO INCHydrogen fluoride (Hydrofluoric acid)0.00
ULTRA FINE SPECIALTY PRODUCTS RINovamet Specialty ProductsCopper compounds (this category does not include copper phthalocyanine compounds that are substituted with only hydrogen, and/or chlorine, and/or bromine.)0.00
RAYTHEON CORTX CorporationLead 0.00
HOLCIM SOLUTIONS & PRODUCTS US LLCHolcim GroupToluene0.00
OLYMPIC ADHESIVES INCOLYMPIC ADHESIVES INCPhenol0.00
ANALOG DEVICES INC/WILMINGTON MANUFACTURINGAnalog Devices Inc.Nitric acid0.00
BOSTIK MANUFACTURING PLANTArkemaEthylene glycol0.00
CHEMARTCHEMARTHydrochloric acid (acid aerosols including mists, vapors, gas, fog, and other airborne forms of any particle size)0.00
THE DOW CHEMICAL CODow Inc.Xylene (mixed isomers)0.00
NYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCNYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCNitric acid0.00
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXLead compounds0.00
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFICThermo Fisher ScientificMethanol0.00
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCToluene0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLES & SYSTEMS USAPrysmian GroupAntimony compounds0.00
METALOR TECHNOLOGIES USA CORP REFINING DIVTanaka Kikinzoku KogyoNitric acid0.00
DAUPHINAIS CONCRETE INC.DAUPHINAIS CONCRETE INCLead 0.00
CHEMGENES CORPCHEMGENES CORPn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
HOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPHOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPCertain glycol ethers0.00
INDUSTRIAL POLYMERS & CHEMICAL S INCINDUSTRIAL POLYMERS & CHEMICAL S INCPhenol0.00
DAMPNEY CO INCDAMPNEY CO INCToluene0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersCertain glycol ethers0.00
TOPCOATStandard Industries Inc.Toluene0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLES & SYSTEMS USAPrysmian GroupLead compounds0.00
HOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPHOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPEthylene glycol0.00
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO-MILFORDBerkshire HathawayXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac Petroleumn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
TIFFANY & COLVMHSilver0.00
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon Mobil1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.00
SIEMENS HEALTHCARE DIAGNOSTICSSiemensMethanol0.00
BRADFORD INDUSTRIESWembly EnterprisesToluene0.00
DYNASOL INCDYNASOL INCCertain glycol ethers0.00
RIVERDALE MILLS CORPRIVERDALE MILLS CORPZinc compounds0.00
COVESTRO LLCCovestroMethyl methacrylate0.00
3M CO3M CompanyToluene0.00
UNIVAR SOLUTIONS USA INC. - TEWKSBURY MAApollo Global ManagementXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)Toluene0.00
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon Mobiln-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving Oil1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving Oiln-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
THE DOW CHEMICAL CODow Inc.Propylene oxide0.00
CAMGER COATINGS SYSTEMS INCCAMGER COATINGS SYSTEMS INCToluene0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital PartnersDichloromethane (Methylene chloride)0.00
3M CO3M CompanyMethanol0.00
VEOLIA ES TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSVeolia GroupMercury0.00
SCULLY SIGNALSCULLY SIGNALZinc compounds0.00
ENTEGRIS INCEntegrisMethanol0.00
BOSTIK MANUFACTURING PLANTArkemaCyclohexane0.00
MURPHYS WASTE OIL SERVICES INCClean Harbors Inc.Polycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
E. PARRELLA CO. INC.E. PARRELLA CO. INC.Styrene0.00
CHELSEA SANDWICH LLCGlobal Partners LPPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian GroupZinc compounds0.00
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen IndustriesN,N-Dimethylformamide0.00
ALLNEX USA INC. WALLINGFORD CT SITEPTT GroupCertain glycol ethers0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian GroupLead compounds0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPToluene0.00
BENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPBENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPLead compounds0.00
MAJILITE MANUFACTURING INCMERIDIAN INDUSTRIES INCToluene0.00
UNIVAR SOLUTIONS USA INC. - TEWKSBURY MAApollo Global ManagementToluene0.00
THE GILLETTE CO LLCProcter & GambleAmmonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)0.00
GLOBAL COMPANIES LLCGlobal Partners LPBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
NITTO DENKO AVECIA INC.Nitto DenkoToluene0.00
EXXON MOBIL CORP EVERETT TERMINALExxon MobilToluene0.00
GULF OIL LP CHELSEA TERMINALRaceTrac PetroleumToluene0.00
NATIONAL COATING CORPCarlisleMethanol0.00
TELEDYNE FLIR SURVEILLANCETeledyne TechnologiesLead 0.00
CL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPCL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPn-Hexane (Hexane)0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilToluene0.00
SHAWSHEEN RUBBER CO INCSHAWSHEEN RUBBER CO INCToluene0.00
HOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPHOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPMethanol0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian GroupMercury0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersToluene0.00
CERTAINTEED LLCSaint-GobainBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO-MILFORDBerkshire HathawayVinyl acetate0.00
LEACHGARNERLEACHGARNERSilver0.00
HOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPHOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPToluene0.00
GVS N.A.GVS GroupFormic acid0.00
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFICThermo Fisher ScientificMethanol0.00
BENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPBENEVENTO SAND & STONE CORPBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital PartnersMethanol0.00
BENJAMIN MOORE & CO-MILFORDBerkshire Hathaway3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate0.00
CYN OILClean Harbors Inc.Lead compounds0.00
HOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPHOUGHTON CHEMICAL CORPXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
CL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPCL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPCyclohexane0.00
TECHNIC INC ENGINEERED POWDERS DIVTECHNIC INCMethanol0.00
ALNYLAM PHARMACEUTICALSAlnylam PharmaceuticalsToluene0.00
BOSTIK MANUFACTURING PLANTArkemaMethanol0.00
UNIVAR SOLUTIONS USA INC. - TEWKSBURY MAApollo Global ManagementMethanol0.00
TL EDWARDS INC.TL EDWARDS INC.Benzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
CL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPCL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPToluene0.00
CYN OILClean Harbors Inc.Ethylene glycol0.00
INEOS STYROLUTION AMERICA LLCIneosStyrene0.00
NYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCNYACOL NANOTECHNOLOGIES INCEthylene glycol0.00
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)Cyclohexane0.00
BROX INDUSTRIES INCBrox IndustriesBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
SAFETY-KLEEN SYSTEMS MARLBOROUGH (MRB)Clean Harbors Inc.Ethylene glycol0.00
MURPHYS WASTE OIL SERVICES INCClean Harbors Inc.Ethylene glycol0.00
TEI BIOSCIENCESIntegra LifeSciencesMethanol0.00
RESILIENCE BOSTON INC.NATIONAL RESILIENCE INCEthylene glycol0.00
AOTCO METAL FINISHING LLCAOTCO METAL FINISHING LLCNitric acid0.00
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
CITGO PETROLEUM CORPPDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.)Cumene0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersEthylene glycol0.00
METALOR TECHNOLOGIES USATanaka Kikinzoku KogyoMethanol0.00
ZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZ INTERPOLYMERZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZMethyl methacrylate0.00
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital PartnersMethyl isobutyl ketone0.00
OLDCASTLE - ANCHORCRH PLCLead compounds0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLES & SYSTEMS USAPrysmian GroupZinc compounds0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersMethanol0.00
PRYSMIAN CABLE & SYSTEMS USA LLCPrysmian GroupCopper0.00
INEOS STYROLUTION AMERICA LLCIneosMethyl methacrylate0.00
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen IndustriesXylene (mixed isomers)0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersMethyl isobutyl ketone0.00
ANIKA THERAPEUTICSAnika TherapeuticsMethanol0.00
DAUPHINAIS CONCRETE INC.DAUPHINAIS CONCRETE INCNitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution)0.00
ZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZ INTERPOLYMERZSCHIMMER & SCHWARZStyrene0.00
BROX INDUSTRIES INCBrox IndustriesPolycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
GEM GRAVURE CO INC.GEM GRAVURE CO INCToluene0.00
ECKART AMERICAAltanan-Butyl alcohol (1-Butanol)0.00
THE DOW CHEMICAL CODow Inc.Toluene0.00
JAYBIRD & MAIS INCJAYBIRD & MAIS INCToluene0.00
THE DOW CHEMICAL CODow Inc.Ethylene glycol0.00
MURPHYS WASTE OIL SERVICES INCClean Harbors Inc.Benzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
CHELSEA SANDWICH LLCGlobal Partners LPBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen Industriesn-Butyl alcohol (1-Butanol)0.00
TEKNOR APEX COTEKNOR APEXBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
IRVING OIL TERMINALS INC.Irving OilBenzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
ACUSHNET CO BALL PLANT IIIFila Holdings Corp.Methyl isobutyl ketone0.00
VERANOVA L.P.Altaris Capital PartnersMethanol0.00
ALLNEX USA INC. WALLINGFORD CT SITEPTT GroupToluene0.00
ECKART AMERICAAltanaMethyl isobutyl ketone0.00
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen IndustriesToluene0.00
GVS N.A.GVS GroupN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
CYTIVADanaherN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
ROHM & HAAS ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LLCDuPont de NemoursN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
SARTORIUS STEDIM 450 DLBSARTORIUS STEDIM BIOTECHN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS INCSkyworks SolutionsN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
CURIA MASSACHUSETTS INC.AledadeN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
RAYTHEON CORTX CorporationN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INCM/A-COM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGSN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
KOCH SEPARATION SOLUTIONS INC.Koch IndustriesN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
ALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCALLCOAT TECHNOLOGY INCN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
CL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPCL HAUTHAWAY & SONS CORPN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
ITW PERFORMANCE POLYMERSIllinois Tool WorksBenzoyl peroxide0.00
DYNASOL INCDYNASOL INCNonylphenol Ethoxylates0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
CALLAHAN CHEMICAL CO LLCSK Capital PartnersNonylphenol Ethoxylates0.00
WORTHEN INDUSTRIES INC UPACO DIVWorthen IndustriesN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00
ENVIRO WASTEClean Harbors Inc.Polycyclic aromatic compounds0.00
ENVIRO WASTEClean Harbors Inc.Benzo[g,h,i]perylene0.00
ECKART AMERICAAltanaN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone0.00

(click here to shrink list to only top 5 chemicals from facilities)

(return to search)

Political Economy Research Institute
Gordon Hall, 418 N. Pleasant St., Suite A, Amherst, MA 01002
Tel: 413-545-6355    Fax: 413-577-0261    Contact: peri@peri.umass.edu
Toxic 100 search hosted by Grassroots Connection
Last Updated:  
2025