Greenhouse 100 Polluters Index (2025 Report, Based on 2023 Data)
(Click on column headers to re-sort table: current sort is by 2023 Emissions (CO2 equivalent metric tons).)
Greenhouse 100 Rank Parent corporation or entity 2023 Emissions (CO2 equivalent metric tons) Percentage of 2022 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from all sources EJ: Poor EJ: Minority % of CO2 equivalent emissions from a single facility Industrial Sectors
100 Smurfit Westrock PLC 5,861,081 14% 43% 17% Pulp and Paper, Waste
99 Hallador Energy 5,964,330 10% 13% 78% Power Plants, Other
98 Eastman Chemical 6,094,463 14% 21% 60% Chemicals, Power Plants, Waste, Other
97 CRH PLC 6,188,203 9% 46% 21% Minerals
96 Air Liquide 6,301,055 13% 66% 32% Chemicals, Power Plants
95 Atlas Holdings 6,348,208 13% 35% 38% Power Plants, Metals, Pulp and Paper, Other, Waste, Minerals
94 Buzzi Unicem 6,381,719 11% 43% 24% Minerals
93 Formosa Plastics 6,434,339 16% 64% 82% Chemicals, Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
92 Westlake Chemical 6,616,314 16% 35% 41% Chemicals, Power Plants, Other
91 Invenergy 6,641,273 13% 20% 56% Power Plants
90 Talen Energy Corporation 6,749,060 13% 41% 25% Power Plants
89 TC Energy 6,763,542 17% 47% 3% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
88 Seminole Electric Cooperative 6,972,461 22% 36% 85% Power Plants, Waste
87 American Consolidated Natural Resources Inc. 6,983,315 13% 12% 30% Other
86 Oglethorpe Power 7,110,679 13% 39% 48% Power Plants
85 Lotus Infrastructure Partners 7,209,076 11% 41% 42% Power Plants
84 Heidelberg Materials 7,269,588 11% 34% 26% Minerals
83 Plant Scherer (single power plant) 7,612,539 13% 28% 100% Power Plants
82 Emera 7,664,304 14% 55% 39% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
81 Rainbow Energy 7,716,347 7% 8% 100% Power Plants
80 Omaha Public Power District 7,767,450 14% 36% 76% Power Plants
79 PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.) 7,818,236 12% 44% 57% Refineries, Chemicals
78 HF Sinclair Corporation 8,001,526 14% 36% 24% Refineries, Chemicals, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
77 PUERTO RICO ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY 8,138,546 37% 99% 26% Power Plants, Other
76 East Kentucky Power Cooperative 8,165,153 20% 10% 90% Power Plants, Other
75 Tenaska 8,273,025 9% 19% 29% Power Plants
74 Nebraska Public Power District 8,317,520 7% 13% 86% Power Plants, Other
73 Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) 8,395,952 15% 54% 60% Refineries, Chemicals, Other, Power Plants, Waste
72 LyondellBasell Industries 8,477,769 18% 79% 23% Chemicals, Refineries, Other
71 Ares Management 8,548,677 14% 64% 34% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
70 Oneok 8,624,056 17% 66% 8% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries
69 Constellation Energy Corporation 8,941,321 13% 52% 32% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
68 OGE Energy 9,039,165 15% 42% 23% Power Plants, Other
67 Carlyle Group 9,347,749 14% 50% 24% Power Plants, Chemicals
66 Core Natural Resources Inc. 9,357,372 14% 10% 30% Other
65 Buckeye Power 9,421,840 16% 11% 98% Power Plants
64 Targa Resources 9,468,078 20% 75% 38% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
63 Macquarie 9,727,156 13% 52% 41% Power Plants, Waste
62 Cheniere Energy 9,730,828 14% 59% 64% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
61 Fortis 9,904,460 18% 58% 71% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
60 Linde 10,074,068 18% 66% 16% Chemicals
59 Shell PLC 10,082,999 13% 48% 41% Refineries, Chemicals, Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
58 Archer Daniels Midland 10,585,368 12% 22% 36% Other, Chemicals, Pulp and Paper, Waste
57 CPS Energy 10,639,613 19% 78% 53% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
56 PBF Energy 10,762,336 14% 63% 32% Refineries, Power Plants, Chemicals
55 Republic Services 10,766,776 13% 60% 4% Waste
54 Williams Companies 10,798,295 11% 43% 20% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
53 Capital Power 10,872,826 10% 25% 27% Power Plants, Other
52 Colstrip Power Plant (single power plant) 10,967,111 8% 29% 100% Power Plants
51 Laramie River (single power plant) 10,979,532 13% 15% 100% Power Plants
50 BP 11,089,116 19% 78% 47% Refineries, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Power Plants, Chemicals, Other
49 Kinder Morgan 11,096,589 19% 73% 4% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries, Other
48 Lower Colorado River Authority 11,194,503 10% 34% 76% Power Plants, Other
47 Occidental Petroleum 11,349,830 13% 62% 23% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Chemicals, Power Plants, Other
46 Prairie State Energy Campus (facility) 11,456,295 10% 6% 100% Power Plants, Other
45 ConocoPhillips 11,600,088 15% 72% 26% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries
44 Salt River Project 11,618,712 10% 42% 32% Power Plants, Other, Waste
43 Waste Management Inc. 11,650,460 12% 52% 2% Waste
42 Amrize Ltd. 12,212,833 11% 45% 24% Minerals
41 Enterprise Products Partners 12,602,167 19% 74% 22% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other, Chemicals
40 Pinnacle West Capital 13,249,517 17% 69% 54% Power Plants, Other
39 Alliant Energy 13,682,648 10% 19% 34% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
38 Air Products & Chemicals 14,072,905 14% 73% 17% Chemicals
37 Santee Cooper 14,096,573 16% 38% 60% Power Plants
36 FirstEnergy 15,338,451 16% 10% 73% Power Plants, Other
35 AES Corp. 15,564,413 14% 64% 31% Power Plants
34 Associated Electric Cooperative Inc 15,571,682 17% 34% 38% Power Plants
33 Dow Inc. 16,442,168 16% 49% 32% Chemicals, Power Plants, Waste, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
32 Basin Electric Power Cooperative 16,630,714 10% 15% 32% Power Plants, Chemicals, Minerals, Other
31 LS Power 16,986,389 16% 63% 15% Power Plants, Other
30 CMS Energy 17,400,136 20% 49% 38% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
29 Hilcorp Energy 18,356,141 19% 71% 19% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Refineries
28 ArcLight Capital Partners 19,294,209 15% 62% 15% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
27 WEC Energy Group 19,610,165 12% 33% 30% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
26 Ameren 19,790,345 9% 28% 78% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
25 Nippon Steel 19,922,393 17% 46% 55% Metals, Waste, Other
24 CF Industries 20,579,424 14% 45% 46% Chemicals
23 Energy Transfer 21,716,387 13% 63% 12% Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
22 NRG Energy 22,538,835 0.4% 8% 66% 45% Power Plants
21 Chevron 22,576,410 0.4% 13% 67% 21% Refineries, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Chemicals, Power Plants, Other, Waste
20 DTE Energy 23,206,531 0.4% 17% 28% 49% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Metals
19 Valero Energy 23,532,141 0.4% 16% 72% 13% Refineries, Chemicals, Other
18 Evergy Inc. 23,874,346 0.4% 15% 37% 28% Power Plants, Other
17 Koch Industries 23,993,811 0.4% 12% 47% 16% Chemicals, Refineries, Pulp and Paper, Minerals, Waste, Other
16 PPL Corp. 26,919,146 0.4% 16% 30% 36% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
15 Cleveland-Cliffs 27,444,076 0.4% 19% 54% 28% Metals, Minerals, Other, Waste
14 Marathon Petroleum 28,537,868 0.4% 14% 73% 23% Refineries, Power Plants, Chemicals, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
13 Dominion Energy 29,414,585 0.5% 14% 48% 12% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
12 Phillips 66 29,993,414 0.5% 12% 59% 10% Refineries, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Chemicals, Power Plants, Waste, Other
11 Entergy 37,126,848 0.6% 17% 51% 14% Power Plants, Other, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
10 Xcel Energy 39,257,530 0.6% 12% 41% 18% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
9 NextEra Energy 40,964,269 0.6% 13% 59% 17% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
8 U.S. Government 41,645,400 0.7% 15% 47% 23% Power Plants, Other, Waste, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Chemicals
7 Exxon Mobil 41,741,329 0.7% 15% 60% 30% Refineries, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Power Plants, Chemicals, Other
6 American Electric Power 49,887,162 0.8% 16% 23% 18% Power Plants, Other
5 Berkshire Hathaway 59,733,781 0.9% 13% 37% 15% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Minerals, Other, Metals, Chemicals, Refineries
4 Energy Capital Partners 68,011,268 1.1% 14% 65% 20% Power Plants, Metals, Other, Waste
3 Duke Energy 73,741,584 1.2% 12% 30% 11% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other, Waste
2 Southern Company 76,333,265 1.2% 13% 49% 22% Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems, Other
1 Vistra Energy 86,320,993 1.4% 12% 45% 15% Power Plants
PERI's Greenhouse 100 index identifies the top companies responsible for greenhouse gas emissions.
Explanatory notes (For details, see the technical notes .
This edition of the Greenhouse 100 ranks companies by C02-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions (including CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, but not biogenic CO2) directly released by large facilities in the US in 2023.
Percentage of 2022 U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from all sources : parent corporation or entity's percentage of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, including electric power, transportation, industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural emissions, the total of which is 6,343 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents according to the 2022 U.S. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. Source: US EPA.
Environmental Justice (EJ) : Poor Share and Minority Share: Shares of the potential co-pollutants of combustion borne by people living below the poverty line or by people in minority racial/ethnic groups. In the U.S. population, 10.5 percent lived below the poverty line in 2020 and 40 percent are members of minority racial/ethnic groups.
The links from each parent name lead to an application that gives detailed facility and sector information about the company. You can also search for companies not on the Greenhouse 100 . For more information on the data, see the technical notes
Political Economy Research Institute
